Seismic vulnerability assessment of old churches in the twin cities of Bhubaneswar and Cuttack using the macroelemental approach

Historic buildings are the cultural and traditional identity of a country. However, these vulnerable to earthquakes because their aged structure, poor maintenance, inadequate structural health monitoring. Therefore, seismic vulnerability assessment is critical aspect in restoration retrofitting heritage buildings. In this study, comprehensive survey was performed collect data old historic church around twin cities Bhubaneswar Cuttack Odisha for evaluating performance structures against activity. The macroelemental method used calculate index probable damage estimated based on obtained values mean grade according EMS-98 scale were compared with damageability acquired using rapid visual screening Indian conditions. Damage probability matrices constructed determine probabilistic future damage. This study identified that require immediate renovation retrofitting.